EFFECT OF DRY- STRENGTH TRAINING ON SWIMMING ABILITIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
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Jul 9, 2024
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Marko Đurović
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-3994
Petar Ilić Irfan Gračanin
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5534-1070
Dejan Madić
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2978-2638
Tomislav Okičić
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3994-8280
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-3994
Petar Ilić Irfan Gračanin
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5534-1070
Dejan Madić
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2978-2638
Tomislav Okičić
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3994-8280
Abstract
The aim of this study was to consolidate as many of these studies as possible and draw a general conclusion about the effects of additional strength and conditioning training training on dry land on swimming performance and swimming ability. Accordingly, 16 studies were analyzed. Of that number, 14 studies looked at the direct effect of additional dryland strength training on swimming performance. One of them examined the effect of additional strength training on dry land on the swimming abilities of Paralympic swimmers. Of the remaining 2 studies, one study examined the effect of additional dryland strength training on swimming turns, while the other examined the effect of additional dryland strength training on starting blocks. As a general conclusion of the study, we conclude that additional strength training on dry land has a positive effect on swimming abilities, regardless of variable factors in terms of the type of training, age, gender and swimming level of the subject, if it is properly designed and implemented in practice. This conclusion came from the results of 12 analyzed studies in which a statistically significant improvement in swimming performance was recorded. In the 4 remaining studies, there was also a tendency to improve swimming performance or an improvement in some of the swimming abilities, but this improvement in performance was not statistically significant, or the improvement in ability did not lead to an improvement in the final swimming performance.
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Keywords
effect, dry-land training, swimming performance
References
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2. Aspenes, S., Kjendlie, P. L., Hoff, J., & Helgerud, J. (2009). Combined strength and endurance training in competitive swimmers. Journal of sports science & medicine, 8(3), 357.
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4. Barbosa, T., Costa, M., & Marinho, D. (2013). Proposal of a deterministic model to explain swimming performance.
5. Bencke, J., Damsgaard, R., Saekmose, A., Jørgensen, P., Jørgensen, K., & Klausen, K. (2002). Anaerobic power and muscle strength characteristics of 11 years old elite and non‐elite boys and girls from gymnastics, team handball, tennis and swimming. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 12(3), 171-178.
6. Bergeron, M. F., Mountjoy, M., Armstrong, N., Chia, M., Côté, J., Emery, C. A., ... & Engebretsen, L. (2015). International Olympic Committee consensus statement on youth athletic development. British journal of sports medicine, 49(13), 843-851.
7. Dingley, A. A., Pyne, D. B., Youngson, J., & Burkett, B. (2015). Effectiveness of a dry-land resistance training program on strength, power, and swimming performance in paralympic swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(3), 619-626.
8. Faigenbaum, A. D., Lloyd, R. S., MacDonald, J., & Myer, G. D. (2016). Citius, Altius, Fortius: beneficial effects of resistance training for young athletes: narrative review. British journal of sports medicine, 50(1), 3-7.
9. Garrido, N., Marinho, D. A., Barbosa, T. M., Costa, A. M., Silva, A. J., Pérez-Turpin, J. A., & Marques, M. C. (2010). Relationships between dry land strength, power variables and short sprint performance in young competitive swimmers. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, (II), 240-249.
10. Garrido, N., Marinho, D. A., Reis, V. M., van den Tillaar, R., Costa, A. M., Silva, A. J., & Marques, M. C. (2010). Does combined dry land strength and aerobic training inhibit performance of young competitive swimmers?. Journal of sports science & medicine, 9(2), 300.
11. Girold, S., Jalab, C., Bernard, O., Carette, P., Kemoun, G., & Dugué, B. (2012). Dry-land strength training vs. electrical stimulation in sprint swimming performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(2), 497-505.
12. Girold, S., Maurin, D., Dugue, B., Chatard, J. C., & Millet, G. (2007). Effects of dry-land vs. resisted-and assisted-sprint exercises on swimming sprint performances. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(2), 599-605.
13. Grant, M. C., & Kavaliauskas, M. (2017). Land based resistance training and youth swimming performance. International journal of sports and exercise medicine, 3(4), 064.
14. Junior, E. B., Aidar, F. J., de Souza, R. F., de Matos, D. G., Camara, M. B., Gomes, A. A. B., ... & Garrido, N. D. (2016). Swimming performance evaluation in athletes submitted to different types of strength training. Journal of Exercise Physiologyonline, 19(6).
15. Lopes, T. J., Neiva, H. P., Gonçalves, C. A., Nunes, C., & Marinho, D. A. (2021). The effects of dry-land strength training on competitive sprinter swimmers. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 19(1), 32-39.
16. Morais, J. E., Silva, A. J., Garrido, N. D., Marinho, D. A., & Barbosa, T. M. (2018). The transfer of strength and power into the stroke biomechanics of young swimmers over a 34-week period. European journal of sport science, 18(6), 787-795.
17. Morouço, P., Keskinen, K. L., Vilas-Boas, J. P., & Fernandes, R. J. (2011). Relationship between tethered forces and the four swimming techniques performance. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 27(2), 161-169.
18. Naczk, M., Lopacinski, A., Brzenczek-Owczarzak, W., Arlet, J., Naczk, A., & Adach, Z. (2017). Influence of short-term inertial training on swimming performance in young swimmers. European Journal of Sport Science, 17(4), 369-377.
19. Naczk, M., Naczk, A., Brzenczek-Owczarzak, W., Arlet, J., & Adach, Z. (2016). Impact of inertial training on strength and power performance in young active men. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 30(8), 2107-2113.
20. Pesic, M., Okičić, T., Madić, D., Dopsaj, M., Djurovic, M., & Djordjevic, S. (2016). The effects of additional strength training on specific motor abilities in young swimmers. Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport, 291-301.
21. Pichon, F., & Chatard, J. C. (1995). Swimming performance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 195(5/2712), 1671S3.
22. Popovici, C., & Suciu, M. A. (2013). Dry land training and swimming performance in children aged 11-12 years. Palestrica of the Third Millennium Civilization & Sport, 14(3).
23. Rejman, M., Bilewski, M., Szczepan, S., Klarowicz, A., Rudnik, D., & Maćkała, K. (2017). Assessing the impact of a targeted plyometric training on changes in selected kinematic parameters of the swimming start. Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics, 19(2).
24. Sadowski, J., Mastalerz, A., Gromisz, W., & NiŸnikowski, T. (2012). Effectiveness of the power dry-land training programmes in youth swimmers. Journal of human kinetics, 32, 77.
25. Sadowski, J., Mastalerz, A., Gromisz, W., Jówko, E., & Buszta, M. (2015). The effects of swimming and dry-land resistance training programme on non-swimmers. Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism, 22(1), 35.
26. Seifert, L., & Chollet, D. (2008). Inter-limb coordination and constraints in swimming: a review. Physical activity and children: New research, 65-93.
27. Seifert, L., Barbosa, T. M., & Kjendlie, P. L. (2010). Biophysical approach to swimming: Gender effect. Gender gap: Causes, experiences and effects, 59-80.
28. Strass, D. (1988). Effects of maximal strength training on sprint performance of competitive swimmers. Swimming science V, 149-156.
29. Tanaka, H. I. R. O. F. U. M. I., Costill, D. L., Thomas, R. O. B. E. R. T., Fink, W. J., & Widrick, J. J. (1993). Dry-land resistance training for competitive swimming. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 25(8), 952-959.
30. Weston, M., Hibbs, A. E., Thompson, K. G., & Spears, I. R. (2015). Isolated core training improves sprint performance in national-level junior swimmers. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 10(2), 204-210.
31. Yapıcı-Öksüzoğlu, A. (2020). The effects of theraband training on respiratory parameters, upper extremity muscle strength and swimming performance.
2. Aspenes, S., Kjendlie, P. L., Hoff, J., & Helgerud, J. (2009). Combined strength and endurance training in competitive swimmers. Journal of sports science & medicine, 8(3), 357.
3. Barbosa, T. M., Bragada, J. A., Reis, V. M., Marinho, D. A., Carvalho, C., & Silva, A. J. (2010). Energetics and biomechanics as determining factors of swimming performance: updating the state of the art. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 13(2), 262-269.
4. Barbosa, T., Costa, M., & Marinho, D. (2013). Proposal of a deterministic model to explain swimming performance.
5. Bencke, J., Damsgaard, R., Saekmose, A., Jørgensen, P., Jørgensen, K., & Klausen, K. (2002). Anaerobic power and muscle strength characteristics of 11 years old elite and non‐elite boys and girls from gymnastics, team handball, tennis and swimming. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 12(3), 171-178.
6. Bergeron, M. F., Mountjoy, M., Armstrong, N., Chia, M., Côté, J., Emery, C. A., ... & Engebretsen, L. (2015). International Olympic Committee consensus statement on youth athletic development. British journal of sports medicine, 49(13), 843-851.
7. Dingley, A. A., Pyne, D. B., Youngson, J., & Burkett, B. (2015). Effectiveness of a dry-land resistance training program on strength, power, and swimming performance in paralympic swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(3), 619-626.
8. Faigenbaum, A. D., Lloyd, R. S., MacDonald, J., & Myer, G. D. (2016). Citius, Altius, Fortius: beneficial effects of resistance training for young athletes: narrative review. British journal of sports medicine, 50(1), 3-7.
9. Garrido, N., Marinho, D. A., Barbosa, T. M., Costa, A. M., Silva, A. J., Pérez-Turpin, J. A., & Marques, M. C. (2010). Relationships between dry land strength, power variables and short sprint performance in young competitive swimmers. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, (II), 240-249.
10. Garrido, N., Marinho, D. A., Reis, V. M., van den Tillaar, R., Costa, A. M., Silva, A. J., & Marques, M. C. (2010). Does combined dry land strength and aerobic training inhibit performance of young competitive swimmers?. Journal of sports science & medicine, 9(2), 300.
11. Girold, S., Jalab, C., Bernard, O., Carette, P., Kemoun, G., & Dugué, B. (2012). Dry-land strength training vs. electrical stimulation in sprint swimming performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(2), 497-505.
12. Girold, S., Maurin, D., Dugue, B., Chatard, J. C., & Millet, G. (2007). Effects of dry-land vs. resisted-and assisted-sprint exercises on swimming sprint performances. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(2), 599-605.
13. Grant, M. C., & Kavaliauskas, M. (2017). Land based resistance training and youth swimming performance. International journal of sports and exercise medicine, 3(4), 064.
14. Junior, E. B., Aidar, F. J., de Souza, R. F., de Matos, D. G., Camara, M. B., Gomes, A. A. B., ... & Garrido, N. D. (2016). Swimming performance evaluation in athletes submitted to different types of strength training. Journal of Exercise Physiologyonline, 19(6).
15. Lopes, T. J., Neiva, H. P., Gonçalves, C. A., Nunes, C., & Marinho, D. A. (2021). The effects of dry-land strength training on competitive sprinter swimmers. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 19(1), 32-39.
16. Morais, J. E., Silva, A. J., Garrido, N. D., Marinho, D. A., & Barbosa, T. M. (2018). The transfer of strength and power into the stroke biomechanics of young swimmers over a 34-week period. European journal of sport science, 18(6), 787-795.
17. Morouço, P., Keskinen, K. L., Vilas-Boas, J. P., & Fernandes, R. J. (2011). Relationship between tethered forces and the four swimming techniques performance. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 27(2), 161-169.
18. Naczk, M., Lopacinski, A., Brzenczek-Owczarzak, W., Arlet, J., Naczk, A., & Adach, Z. (2017). Influence of short-term inertial training on swimming performance in young swimmers. European Journal of Sport Science, 17(4), 369-377.
19. Naczk, M., Naczk, A., Brzenczek-Owczarzak, W., Arlet, J., & Adach, Z. (2016). Impact of inertial training on strength and power performance in young active men. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 30(8), 2107-2113.
20. Pesic, M., Okičić, T., Madić, D., Dopsaj, M., Djurovic, M., & Djordjevic, S. (2016). The effects of additional strength training on specific motor abilities in young swimmers. Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport, 291-301.
21. Pichon, F., & Chatard, J. C. (1995). Swimming performance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 195(5/2712), 1671S3.
22. Popovici, C., & Suciu, M. A. (2013). Dry land training and swimming performance in children aged 11-12 years. Palestrica of the Third Millennium Civilization & Sport, 14(3).
23. Rejman, M., Bilewski, M., Szczepan, S., Klarowicz, A., Rudnik, D., & Maćkała, K. (2017). Assessing the impact of a targeted plyometric training on changes in selected kinematic parameters of the swimming start. Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics, 19(2).
24. Sadowski, J., Mastalerz, A., Gromisz, W., & NiŸnikowski, T. (2012). Effectiveness of the power dry-land training programmes in youth swimmers. Journal of human kinetics, 32, 77.
25. Sadowski, J., Mastalerz, A., Gromisz, W., Jówko, E., & Buszta, M. (2015). The effects of swimming and dry-land resistance training programme on non-swimmers. Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism, 22(1), 35.
26. Seifert, L., & Chollet, D. (2008). Inter-limb coordination and constraints in swimming: a review. Physical activity and children: New research, 65-93.
27. Seifert, L., Barbosa, T. M., & Kjendlie, P. L. (2010). Biophysical approach to swimming: Gender effect. Gender gap: Causes, experiences and effects, 59-80.
28. Strass, D. (1988). Effects of maximal strength training on sprint performance of competitive swimmers. Swimming science V, 149-156.
29. Tanaka, H. I. R. O. F. U. M. I., Costill, D. L., Thomas, R. O. B. E. R. T., Fink, W. J., & Widrick, J. J. (1993). Dry-land resistance training for competitive swimming. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 25(8), 952-959.
30. Weston, M., Hibbs, A. E., Thompson, K. G., & Spears, I. R. (2015). Isolated core training improves sprint performance in national-level junior swimmers. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 10(2), 204-210.
31. Yapıcı-Öksüzoğlu, A. (2020). The effects of theraband training on respiratory parameters, upper extremity muscle strength and swimming performance.
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Đurović, M., Ilić, P., Gračanin, I., Madić, D., & Okičić, T. (2024). EFFECT OF DRY- STRENGTH TRAINING ON SWIMMING ABILITIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Physical Education and Sport Through The Centuries, 11(1), 69–85. Retrieved from http://phedss.fsfv-pr.rs/index.php/phedss/article/view/7
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